What's the commonality between desks and tables?
Their commonality is that they are both furniture for placing things.

Is it correct?
Are there other ways to say it?

質問を翻訳

A table is a generic term for a piece of furniture you can place things on. But a desk is specifically furniture that one uses for working or studying.

"The classroom has about 25 desks, so only 25 students can work in here."

"The desks at work are kind of small. I wish I could use a bigger one."

"This table was given to me by my grandfather. he made the table himself."

so yes, the only commonality is that you can place things on them