Are there any situations in which 君 and あなた would be okay to use?

I’m aware that, to some level, 君 is much more impolite than あなた, but I’ve also being told both are rarely used, as, in daily speech, they often come across as impolite and/or too direct.

I know Japanese people often drop pronouns, but, unlike 君 and あなた, if I chose to keep the pronoun 私 or 彼女 or 彼—despite sounding a bit unnatural at times—it wouldn’t really be seen as impolite as keeping 君 and あなた would. (At least as far as I’m aware.)

So, why is that the case with 君 and あなた? And, are there any situations where they can be used when referring to someone, instead of using their name, without it coming across as impolite?

Sorry if the question comes across as a bit dumb! :’) I’m just curious!